Technical Publications

Peer-reviewed conference papers, journal articles, and industry interviews authored by Ron Raphoon. All focused on HDD coating integrity, pipeline inspection, and field-applied coating systems.

Papers are available by request. Provide your contact information and we will send the PDF within one business day.

AMPP / NACE Conference Papers

Peer-reviewed papers presented at NACE International (now AMPP) CORROSION conferences. These are the same conferences where pipeline coating specifications are debated and revised.

Conference Paper2022AMPP Paper No. 17762

Risk Evaluation of Potential Coating Damage From HDD

AMPP CORROSION 2022 Conference

Pipe installed by Horizontal Directional Drilling is typically unreachable for repair after installation. This paper identifies causes of coating failure tied to HDD design — bore angles, soil type, rock hardness, and pull forces — and provides a structured method for evaluating coating risk prior to installation. The framework can serve as a backbone for developing an industry standard where none currently exists.

Why this mattersThere is no industry-wide standard guiding HDD coating selection. Operators who rely only on the ARO specification without evaluating installation risk are making a guess. This paper gives engineers a structured basis for that decision before the pipe goes in the ground.
AMPP Archive AMPP membership required for full access.
Conference Paper2022AMPP Paper No. 17760

Pipeline Coatings, Key Points Specifically for Transmission Pipeline Coating

AMPP CORROSION 2022 Conference

NACE CIP courses are oriented toward structural liquid coating applications. This leaves pipeline-specific coating types — FBE, 2-part epoxy, flame-sprayed material, injection molding, heat shrink sleeves, tape wrapping — largely unaddressed in inspector training. This paper gives pipeline inspectors a field-practical guide to those coating types, their unique inspection requirements, and their compatibility considerations.

Why this mattersAn inspector certified under CIP who has never worked a transmission pipeline project is missing foundational pipeline-specific knowledge. This paper documents the gap and fills it. It is a reference for both new inspectors getting up to speed and for operators reviewing inspector qualifications.
AMPP Archive AMPP membership required for full access.
Conference Paper2019NACE Paper No. 12904

PHMSA Regulation on HDD Coating and PRCI Guidance

NACE CORROSION 2019 Conference

Pipeline owners use HDD at locations where surface obstructions preclude conventional trenched construction. The resulting coating damage occurs at exactly the locations of highest environmental sensitivity. This paper examines the current state of PHMSA regulation on coating protection during HDD installation, the proposed Mega Rule changes, and recent PRCI research guidance — identifying the gaps between regulatory language and best-practice engineering.

Why this mattersPHMSA's CFR language requires precautions to minimize coating damage during HDD but does not define what qualifies as a precaution or require evidence that the coating is intact after installation. PRCI's guidance fills some of that gap but permits substantial damage. Operators who don't understand both documents are making compliance assumptions they cannot defend.

Journal Articles

Articles published in Materials Performance, the primary practitioner journal of NACE International (now AMPP). Peer-reviewed and indexed.

Journal Article2017Vol. 56, No. 8 (August 2017), pp. 40–44

The Hidden Damage Done to Protective Coatings

Materials Performance — NACE International

Horizontal directional drilling is increasingly used to install pipe across high consequence areas — roads, rivers, buildings, railroads. While regulation calls for extra consideration of coatings used in these sections, the systems currently in use may be insufficient. This article evaluates the adequacy of industry practice, the limitations of relying on cathodic protection as a substitute for an intact coating, and the case for fiber-reinforced urethane ARO systems to ensure the corrosion barrier survives installation.

Why this mattersCathodic protection cannot substitute for an intact coating in HDD sections — the geometry of the bore makes uniform CP application unreliable, and the section is inaccessible for repair. This article documents the problem in the primary NACE journal and cites the regulatory and research basis for acting before the pipe is in the ground.
Materials Performance Archive AMPP membership or institutional access required.

Media, Interviews & Trade Press

Industry magazine features, recorded interviews, and trade press appearances covering technical topics from Raphoon's research and field work.

Trade Press — February 2024

How to Reduce Pipe Installation Damage on HDDs

Trenchless Technology Magazine

Covers the problem of SAIG damage — shearing, abrasion, impact, and gouge — that occurs when pipe is dragged through inaccessible terrain during HDD installation. Reviews why standard ARO systems solve for one or two threats but not all four simultaneously, and introduces the design criteria for a protection system capable of addressing the full range of forces encountered in an HDD bore.

Why this mattersPipe can enter a bore in perfect condition and exit with cuts, scrapes, gouges, and coating loss. Conventional practice either ignores this or compensates with extra cathodic protection — neither of which repairs the coating. This article defines the threat profile and the product characteristics required to address it before the pipe is in the ground.
Industry Interview

World Pipeline Interview: Protecting Pipe Coatings During Pullback

Denso North America / World Pipeline

A recorded interview with Ron Raphoon conducted by World Pipeline magazine in partnership with Denso North America. Covers the technical case for fiber-reinforced urethane ARO systems, the limitations of standard FBE-only approaches for HDD, and why coating protection during pullback requires a fundamentally different specification than standard mainline coating.

Why this mattersPractitioner knowledge on the record, in the practitioner's own words. This interview covers the same technical subject as the Materials Performance article but in a format more accessible to field personnel and project managers evaluating HDD coating specifications.

The research informs the field work.

These papers represent years of field observation, regulatory analysis, and standards-committee participation. If your project involves HDD coating selection, FBE field joint inspection, or composite repair quality control, contact us to discuss how this technical background applies to your specific situation.